Slavery and Freedom in the White House Collection

The White House Collection and the Atlantic World

• Jennifer L. Anderson, Mahogany: The Costs of Luxury in Early America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012).
• Vernon C. Stoneman, John and Thomas Seymour, Cabinetmakers in Boston, 1794-1816 (Boston, MA: Special Publications, 1959).
• Sarah Fling, “Sugar, Slavery, and the Washington China,” White House Historical Association, https://www.whitehousehistory.org/sugar-slavery-and-the-washington-china.
• Hannah Boettcher and Ronald W. Fuchs II, “Martha Washington’s ‘United States China:’ A New Link Found in a Family Notebook,” Ceramics in America, 2020, https://chipstone.org/article.php/839/Ceramics-in-America-2020/Martha-Washington%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%9CUnited-States-China%E2%80%9D:-A-New-Link-Found-in-a-Family-Notebook.
• Matthew Costello, “The Enslaved Households of Martin Van Buren,” White House Historical Association, https://www.whitehousehistory.org/the-enslaved-households-of-martin-van-buren.
  

Enslaved Artisans

• James E. Newton, “SLAVE ARTISANS AND CRAFTSMEN: THE ROOTS OF AFRO-AMERICAN ART,” The Black Scholar Vol. 9, No. 3 (1977).
• 1798 Federal Direct Tax of Maryland in Bethany J. McGlyn, “WHO BUILT THE CITY ON THE SEVERN? SLAVERY, MATERIAL CULTURE, AND LANDSCAPES OF LABOR IN EARLY ANNAPOLIS,” M.A. Thesis, (University of Delaware: 2020).
• “John Shaw in 1800 Census,” Year: 1800; Census Place: Annapolis, Anne Arundel, Maryland; Series: M32; Roll: 9; Page: 60; Image: 39; Family History Library Film: 193662.
• Sarah Fling, “Philip Reed,” White House Historical Association, https://www.whitehousehistory..... See also John Philip Colletta, "Clark Mills and His Enslaved Assistant, Philip Reed: The Collaboration the Culminated in Freedom," The Capitol Dome Vol. 57 (Summer 2020), 15-31.
• “Petition of Clark Mills, 20 June 1862,” Civil War Washington, https://civilwardc.org/texts/petitions/cww.00741.html.
• “Philip Reid and the Statue of Freedom,” Architect of the Capitol, https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/statue-freedom/philip-reid.
• Gwendolyn DuBois Shaw, “’Moses Williams, Cutter of Profiles’: Silhouettes and African American Identity in the Early Republic," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 149, no. 1 (2005).
• Lillian B. Miller, The Selected Papers of Charles Willson Peale and His Family: Volume I (New Haven and London. Yale University Press, 1984).
• Rembrandt Peale, "The Physiognotrace," The Crayon, October 1857, 307-308.
• Anne Verplanck, “Peale’s Museum Silhouettes,” InCollect, https://www.incollect.com/articles/peales-museum-silhouettes.

Slavery at the White House

• Lina Mann, “Building the White House,” White House Historical Association, https://www.whitehousehistory.org/building-the-white-house; Lina Mann, “Enslaved Workers on the White House Grounds,” White House Historical Association, https://www.whitehousehistory.org/enslaved-workers-on-the-white-house-grounds.
• Lina Mann, “The Complexities of Slavery in the Nation’s Capital,” White House Historical Association, https://www.whitehousehistory.org/the-complexities-of-slavery-in-the-nations-capital.
• Paul Jennings, A Colored Man’s Reminiscences of James Madison (Brooklyn, NY: George C. Beadle, 1865), 15. See also Matthew Costello, “Paul Jennings,” White House Historical Association, https://www.whitehousehistory.org/paul-jennings.
• “Robbery at the President’s House” National Intelligencer, February 28, 1844 in Matthew Costello, “The Enslaved Households of President John Tyler,” White House Historical Association, https://www.whitehousehistory.org/the-enslaved-households-of-president-john-tyler.
• Sarah Fling, “The Formerly Enslaved Households of President Andrew Johnson,” White House Historical Association, https://www.whitehousehistory.org/the-formerly-enslaved-households-of-president-andrew-johnson.

The Fight for Emancipation

• “Historical Context: Abolishing the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade,” Low Country Digital History Initiative, https://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/voyage-of-the-echo-the-trials/historic-context--abolishing-t.
• James Armistead Lafayette,” American Battlefield Trust, https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/james-armistead-lafayette.
• Aurelia Albert, CHALLENGING LAFAYETTE’S LEGACY: RACE AND REPUBLICANISM IN FRANCE AND THE UNITED STATES,” Age of Revolution, https://ageofrevolutions.com/2018/04/23/challenging-lafayettes-legacy-race-and-republicanism-in-france-and-the-united-states/#_ftn11; “Marquis de Lafayette's Plan for Slavery,” Mount Vernon, https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/marquis-de-lafayette-s-plan-for-slavery/.
• “Dr. William Thornton,” Architect of the Capitol, https://www.aoc.gov/about-us/history/architects-of-the-capitol/dr-william-thornton.
• William Thornton quoted in Gaillard Hunt, “WILLIAM THORNTON AND NEGRO COLONIZATION” American Antiquarian Society, April 1920; William Thornton quoted in Allan C. Clark, “Doctor and Mrs. William Thornton,” Records of the Columbia Historical Society, 1915, pg. 168.
• Morgan Robinson, “The American Colonization Society,” White House Historical Association, https://www.whitehousehistory.org/the-american-colonization-society.
• Dierdre David, Fanny Kemble: A Performed Life (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania, 2007); Frances Kemble, Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation in 1838-1839, ed. John A. Scott (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1984), xliv.
• “House Divided Speech,” Lincoln Home National Historic Site, National Park Service, https://www.nps.gov/liho/learn/historyculture/housedivided.htm.
• Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, electronically published by Documenting the American South; David W. Blight, Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2018).
• “Landmark Legislation: The District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act,” U.S. Senate, https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/DCEmancipationAct.htm.
• “Freedom at Antietam,” National Park Service, https://www.nps.gov/articles/freedom-at-antietam.htm.
• “Juneteenth,” National Museum of African American History and Culture, https://nmaahc.si.edu/juneteenth.
• Betty C. Monkman, The White House: Its Historic Furnishings and First Families (Washington, D.C.: White House Historical Association, 2014
• F. B. Carpenter, Six Months at the White House with Abraham Lincoln: The Story of a Picture (New York: Hurd and Houghton, 1866).
• Abraham Lincoln to William Lloyd Garrison, February 7, 1865, full text in “Letter from the President,” The Liberator, February 17, 1865.
• William Kloss, Art in the White House: A Nation’s Pride (Washington, D.C.: White House Historical Association, 2008.